control unit cpu
The control unit performs the computer's traffic control. It coordinates and controls operations of the central processing unit. It does this like the human brain coordinates and controls the activities of the human body. The control unit does not input, output, process, or store data; rather, it initiates and controls the these operations. The control unit also communicates with input devices to begin the transfer of data or instructions into storage and with output devices in order to begin the transfer of results from storage. Data transfer involves the moving of data or instructions from one location to another. When an item of data is stored in a given location, it replaces the previous contents of that location. But when an item of data is moved from one location to another the data item is not physically removed from its initial location; the data item is copied to the new location. When the computer executes a program contained in primary memory, the control unit obtains the instructions in the sequence in which they are executed, interprets these instructions, and issues signals to execute them. To accomplish this, the control unit must communicate with both the ALU and primary storage.
The control unit generally performs all or most of the following
functions for execution of instructions :
• determines the instruction to be executed
• determines the operation to be performed
• determines what data are needed and where they are stored
• determines where results, if any, are to be stored
• determines where the next instruction is located
• causes the instruction to be executed
• transfers control to the next instruction.
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